By Ryan Mayfield, Renewable Energy Associates
Photovoltaic (PV) installations in the United States are most commonly interconnected with electric utility systems as opposed to being set up as stand-alone or off-grid systems. The most common types of PV systems are the grid-direct variety — or those that do not use energy storage, namely batteries. These grid-direct systems have an inverter connected directly to the PV array on the DC side and are directly connected to the electric utility system on the AC side.
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