U.S. DOJ, on behalf of U.S. EPA, filed civil complaint in federal court, which alleges that nearly 600,000 diesel engine vehicles had illegal defeat devices installed that impair their emission control systems and cause emissions to exceed EPA standards. Complaint further alleges that Volkswagen violated Clean Air Act by selling, introducing into commerce, or importing into U.S. motor vehicles that are designed differently from what was stated in applications for EPA and CARB certification.