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Tropical Storm Pamela Forecast Discussion Number 11
2021-10-12 23:09:44| National Hurricane Center (East Pacific)
Issued at 300 PM MDT Tue Oct 12 2021 390 WTPZ41 KNHC 122053 TCDEP1 Tropical Storm Pamela Discussion Number 11 NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL EP162021 300 PM MDT Tue Oct 12 2021 Entrainment of very dry mid-level air from the west and northwest appears to have eroded Pamela's deep convection in the northwestern semicircle, leaving the low-level center partially exposed again similar to this time yesterday. Although there could still be some upper-level wind shear affecting the cyclone, dropsonde wind data from an earlier Air Force Reserve reconnaissance aircraft indicate that the vortex column from the surface to at least the 700-mb level was vertically aligned with no tilt evident. The highest aircraft flight-level and SFMR winds only support an intensity of about 55 kt. However, the aircraft measured a central pressure of 989 mb on its second and outbound pass through the center, which was a decrease of 2 mb from the first pass, and would support an intensity close to hurricane strength. Based on the relatively low central pressure, and the possibility that stronger winds might exist east of the center in an area that wasn't sampled by the aircraft, Pamela's intensity has only been lowered to 60 kt for this advisory. Data from the aircraft indicated that the 34-kt wind radii had expanded in all quadrants despite Pamela's peak winds having weakened. Another Air Force Reserve reconnaissance aircraft is scheduled to investigate Pamela later tonight around 0530 UTC. The initial motion estimate is northward, or 360/08 kt. Now that Pamela is on or just north of the axis of a deep-layer ridge, a sharp turn toward the north-northeast should occur very soon, followed by a northeastward motion tonight as the cyclone becomes embedded within southwesterly flow ahead of a broad mid- to upper-level trough. Pamela should then accelerate toward the west-central coast of Mexico tonight through Wednesday due to the deep-layer steering flow on the southeast side of the aforementioned trough. Landfall is still expected to occur along the west-central coast of Mexico a little before 1200 UTC Wednesday morning. After the hurricane moves inland, Pamela, or its remnants will continue to accelerate northeastward across central and northern Mexico, and move into Texas by Thursday night. The new NHC track model guidance remains tightly packed around the previous advisory track, so no significant changes were required. It might not seem like it based on the downward satellite trends today, but the negative effects from modest vertical shear and dry air that have been affecting the cyclone will gradually subside once Pamela makes the expected northeastward turn later this evening. During that same time, the deep-layer shear vector is forecast to slowly back around to a southwesterly direction and become aligned with the hurricane's forward motion, which will help to reduce some of the effects of the shear. Surrounding dry mid-level air could still be a hindering factor, but this negative parameter is expected to be offset by Pamela moving over very warm sea-surface temperatures of almost 31 deg C overnight. The higher ocean heat content should increase the available instability during the normal convective maximum period tonight, enabling the cyclone to restrengthen to hurricane status, and continue to strengthen right up until landfall occurs. Although it now appears unlikely that the cyclone will become a major hurricane, Pamela could still become a category 2 hurricane prior to landfall. After landfall occurs, rapid decay due to interaction with the mountainous terrain of Mexico is expected, with the cyclone ultimately dissipating over northern Mexico in a couple of days. The latest NHC intensity forecast lies near or above the upper end of the intensity guidance. Although the cyclone is forecast to dissipate over the rugged terrain of Mexico, deep moisture associated with the system's remnants are likely to spread over north-central and northeastern Mexico on Wednesday, and then move into portions of the south-central United States late Wednesday or Thursday. Key Messages: 1. Pamela is forecast to restrengthen into a hurricane before it reaches the west-central coast of Mexico on Wednesday morning, and life-threatening storm surge and dangerous hurricane-force winds are expected within the Hurricane Warning area. Residents in this area should follow any advice given by local officials. 2. Pamela is expected to pass south of the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula as a hurricane this afternoon and tonight, and tropical-storm conditions are possible within the Tropical Storm Watch area, primarily in strong gusts. 3. Heavy rains associated with Pamela are expected to move into the Mexican States of Sinaloa and western Durgano along with southern portions of Baja California Sur Tuesday and Wednesday. This will pose a threat of significant and life-threatening flash flooding and mudslides. 4. Heavy rains associated with the remnants of Pamela are expected across portions of central Texas and southeastern Oklahoma late Wednesday and Thursday. This may result in considerable flash and urban flooding impacts. FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS INIT 12/2100Z 21.0N 109.3W 60 KT 70 MPH 12H 13/0600Z 22.7N 107.9W 75 KT 85 MPH 24H 13/1800Z 25.4N 105.2W 35 KT 40 MPH...INLAND 36H 14/0600Z 28.8N 101.3W 25 KT 30 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW 48H 14/1800Z 32.0N 97.8W 25 KT 30 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW 60H 15/0600Z...DISSIPATED INLAND $$ Forecaster Stewart
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Tropical Storm Pamela Graphics
2021-10-12 22:54:11| National Hurricane Center (East Pacific)
5-Day Uncertainty Track last updated Tue, 12 Oct 2021 20:54:11 GMT Wind Speed Probabilities last updated Tue, 12 Oct 2021 21:22:35 GMT
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Tropical Storm Pamela Wind Speed Probabilities Number 11
2021-10-12 22:46:51| National Hurricane Center (East Pacific)
Issued at 2100 UTC TUE OCT 12 2021 000 FOPZ11 KNHC 122046 PWSEP1 TROPICAL STORM PAMELA WIND SPEED PROBABILITIES NUMBER 11 NWS NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL EP162021 2100 UTC TUE OCT 12 2021 AT 2100Z THE CENTER OF TROPICAL STORM PAMELA WAS LOCATED NEAR LATITUDE 21.0 NORTH...LONGITUDE 109.3 WEST WITH MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS NEAR 60 KTS...70 MPH...110 KM/H. Z INDICATES COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME (GREENWICH) PACIFIC DAYLIGHT TIME (PDT)...SUBTRACT 7 HOURS FROM Z TIME HAWAIIAN STANDARD TIME (HST)...SUBTRACT 10 HOURS FROM Z TIME WIND SPEED PROBABILITY TABLE FOR SPECIFIC LOCATIONS CHANCES OF SUSTAINED (1-MINUTE AVERAGE) WIND SPEEDS OF AT LEAST ...34 KT (39 MPH... 63 KM/H)... ...50 KT (58 MPH... 93 KM/H)... ...64 KT (74 MPH...119 KM/H)... FOR LOCATIONS AND TIME PERIODS DURING THE NEXT 5 DAYS PROBABILITIES FOR LOCATIONS ARE GIVEN AS OP(CP) WHERE OP IS THE PROBABILITY OF THE EVENT BEGINNING DURING AN INDIVIDUAL TIME PERIOD (ONSET PROBABILITY) (CP) IS THE PROBABILITY OF THE EVENT OCCURRING BETWEEN 18Z TUE AND THE FORECAST HOUR (CUMULATIVE PROBABILITY) PROBABILITIES ARE GIVEN IN PERCENT X INDICATES PROBABILITIES LESS THAN 1 PERCENT PROBABILITIES FOR 34 KT AND 50 KT ARE SHOWN AT A GIVEN LOCATION WHEN THE 5-DAY CUMULATIVE PROBABILITY IS AT LEAST 3 PERCENT. PROBABILITIES FOR 34...50...64 KT SHOWN WHEN THE 5-DAY 64-KT CUMULATIVE PROBABILITY IS AT LEAST 1 PERCENT. - - - - WIND SPEED PROBABILITIES FOR SELECTED LOCATIONS - - - - FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM TIME 18Z TUE 06Z WED 18Z WED 06Z THU 18Z THU 18Z FRI 18Z SAT PERIODS TO TO TO TO TO TO TO 06Z WED 18Z WED 06Z THU 18Z THU 18Z FRI 18Z SAT 18Z SUN FORECAST HOUR (12) (24) (36) (48) (72) (96) (120) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LOCATION KT CABO SAN LUCAS 34 29 X(29) X(29) X(29) X(29) X(29) X(29) SAN JOSE CABO 34 35 X(35) X(35) X(35) X(35) X(35) X(35) LA PAZ 34 2 1( 3) X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) LOS MOCHIS 34 2 2( 4) X( 4) X( 4) X( 4) X( 4) X( 4) CULIACAN 34 7 34(41) X(41) X(41) X(41) X(41) X(41) ISLAS MARIAS 34 44 X(44) X(44) X(44) X(44) X(44) X(44) MAZATLAN 34 66 22(88) X(88) X(88) X(88) X(88) X(88) MAZATLAN 50 3 29(32) X(32) X(32) X(32) X(32) X(32) MAZATLAN 64 X 5( 5) X( 5) X( 5) X( 5) X( 5) X( 5) SAN BLAS 34 3 3( 6) X( 6) X( 6) X( 6) X( 6) X( 6) P VALLARTA 34 2 1( 3) X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) MANZANILLO 34 3 X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) 20N 110W 34 99 X(99) X(99) X(99) X(99) X(99) X(99) ISLA SOCORRO 34 3 X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) X( 3) $$ FORECASTER STEWART
Summary for Tropical Storm Pamela (EP1/EP162021)
2021-10-12 22:46:20| National Hurricane Center (East Pacific)
...RECONNAISSANCE AIRCRAFT FINDS PAMELA HAS WEAKENED... ...RESTRENGTHENING EXPECTED WHILE CONDITIONS DETERIORATE ACROSS WEST-CENTRAL MEXICO TONIGHT... As of 3:00 PM MDT Tue Oct 12 the center of Pamela was located near 21.0, -109.3 with movement N at 9 mph. The minimum central pressure was 989 mb with maximum sustained winds of about 70 mph.
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Tropical Storm Pamela Public Advisory Number 11
2021-10-12 22:46:20| National Hurricane Center (East Pacific)
Issued at 300 PM MDT Tue Oct 12 2021 385 WTPZ31 KNHC 122046 TCPEP1 BULLETIN Tropical Storm Pamela Advisory Number 11 NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL EP162021 300 PM MDT Tue Oct 12 2021 ...RECONNAISSANCE AIRCRAFT FINDS PAMELA HAS WEAKENED... ...RESTRENGTHENING EXPECTED WHILE CONDITIONS DETERIORATE ACROSS WEST-CENTRAL MEXICO TONIGHT... SUMMARY OF 300 PM MDT...2100 UTC...INFORMATION ---------------------------------------------- LOCATION...21.0N 109.3W ABOUT 240 MI...385 KM SW OF MAZATLAN MEXICO ABOUT 135 MI...220 KM SSE OF THE SOUTHERN TIP OF BAJA CALIFORNIA MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...70 MPH...110 KM/H PRESENT MOVEMENT...N OR 360 DEGREES AT 9 MPH...15 KM/H MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...989 MB...29.21 INCHES WATCHES AND WARNINGS -------------------- CHANGES WITH THIS ADVISORY: None. SUMMARY OF WATCHES AND WARNINGS IN EFFECT: A Hurricane Warning is in effect for... * Bahia Tempehuaya to Escuinapa A Tropical Storm Warning is in effect for... * North of Bahia Tempehuaya to Altata * South of Escuinapa to Cabo Corrientes * Islas Marias A Tropical Storm Watch is in effect for... * Los Barilles to Cabo San Lucas A Hurricane Warning means that hurricane conditions are expected somewhere within the warning area. A warning is typically issued before the anticipated first occurrence of tropical-storm-force winds, in this case within the next 12 hours, producing conditions that make outside preparations difficult or dangerous. Preparations to protect life and property should be rushed to completion. A Tropical Storm Warning means that tropical storm conditions are expected somewhere within the warning area, in this case within the next 12 hours. A Tropical Storm Watch means that tropical storm conditions are possible within the watch area, in this case within the next 12 hours. For storm information specific to your area, please monitor products issued by your national meteorological service. DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK ---------------------- At 300 PM MDT (2100 UTC), the center of Tropical Storm Pamela was located by an Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter Aircraft near latitude 21.0 North, longitude 109.3 West. Pamela is moving toward the north near 9 mph (15 km/h). A turn toward the north-northeast is expected to occur soon, followed by a faster northeastward motion tonight into Wednesday morning. On the forecast track, the center of Pamela will pass well south of the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula through tonight, and make landfall in west-central Mexico within the hurricane warning area Wednesday morning. Maximum sustained winds have decreased to near 70 mph (110 km/h) with higher gusts. However, restrengthening is forecast overnight, and Pamela is expected to become a hurricane again before it reaches the coast of west-central Mexico Wednesday morning. Tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 115 miles (185 km) from the center. The minimum central pressure recently measured by the reconnaissance aircraft was 989 mb (29.21 inches). HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND ---------------------- Key messages for Pamela can be found in the Tropical Cyclone Discussion under AWIPS header MIATCDEP1 and WMO header WTPZ41 KNHC, and on the web at hurricanes.gov/graphics_ep1.shtml?key_messages. STORM SURGE: Storm surge is expected to produce significant coastal flooding in areas of onshore winds near where the center of Pamela makes landfall in southwestern Mexico. Near the coast, the surge will be accompanied by large and destructive waves. WIND: Hurricane conditions are expected within the Hurricane Warning area by late tonight or early Wednesday, with tropical storm conditions beginning as early as this evening. Tropical storm conditions, primarily in gusts, are possible within the Tropical Storm Watch area in Baja California del Sur this afternoon and evening. RAINFALL: Through Thursday, Pamela is expected to produce the following rainfall amounts: Across the Mexican States of Sinaloa, western Durango, and northern Nayarit...4 to 8 inches with isolated maximum totals of 12 inches. This rainfall may trigger significant and life-threatening flash flooding and mudslides. Across southern portions of Baja California Sur...2 to 4 inches with isolated maximum totals of 6 inches. Across portions of central Texas and southeastern Oklahoma...3 to 6 inches with isolated maximum totals of 8 inches. This may result in considerable flash and urban flooding impacts. SURF: Swells generated by Pamela will begin to affect portions of the southern Baja California peninsula, southwestern and west-central mainland Mexico beginning later today. These swells are likely to cause life-threatening surf and rip current conditions. Please consult products from your local weather office. NEXT ADVISORY ------------- Next intermediate advisory at 600 PM MDT. Next complete advisory at 900 PM MDT. $$ Forecaster Stewart
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